So, we believe that pericyte-like cells are the principal cell type involved in genesis of atherosclerosis. We have demonstrated that there are mainly pericyte-like cells that accumulate lipids and transform into foam cells, they are the main cell type synthesising collagen and other components of extacellular matrix, they prolifetrate more actively than other cell types. In atherosclerotic lesion their number increased more considerably than the number of smooth muscle cells and hematogenic cells. Our insights contradict the conception that principal cell type of atherogenesis is monocyte-macrophage. We are sure that macrophage is very important but not principal cell type involved in atherogenesis. We take into account the number of macrophages and pericyte-like cells.